Sunderland - taken from Tunstall Hill, August 1994

The current Wearmouth Bridge - constructed in 1929

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Sunderland

Sunderland is a city and port in the City of Sunderland metropolitan borough, in the county of Tyne and Wear in North East England. more...

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Sunderland forms part of the larger City of Sunderland which also includes the neighbouring towns of Washington, Hetton-le-Hole and Houghton-le-Spring and makes claim to be the largest city, by measures of population and area, between Leeds and Edinburgh.

The urban sub-area of Sunderland was recorded in the 2006 census as 177,739, whilst the population of the larger City and Metropolitan Borough of Sunderland was 282,000. The 2006 population estimate for the city metropolitian borough is 284,000.

A person born in Sunderland is sometimes called a Mackem, thought to be derived from the term \"Mak'em and Tak'em\" used by Tyneside shipbuilders to describe their counterparts on the River Wear in Sunderland. The term may refer to the shipbuilders making the ships (Mackem) and then taking them (Tackem) along the river to be fitted out. Another theory is that the term is meant to be derogatory, in that Sunderland built, on the whole, workaday ships of relatively low tonnage. The term appears to have come into use in the late 1980s and is to be included in the Oxford English Dictionary.

Status

Sunderland was created a municipal borough of County Durham in 1835. Under the Local Government Act 1888, it was given further status as a county borough with independence from county council control. In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, the county borough was abolished and its area combined with that of other districts to form the Metropolitan Borough of Sunderland in Tyne and Wear. The borough was granted City status after winning a competition in 1992 to celebrate the Queen's 40th year on the throne.

History

The area is part of the Anglican Diocese of Durham. It has been in the Roman Catholic diocese of Hexham and Newcastle since the Catholic hierarchy was restored in 1850.

Located at the mouth of the River Wear, the name \"Sunderland\" is reputed to come from Soender-land: \"parted-land\" (soender/sunder being the Anglo-Saxon infinitive, meaning \"to part\"). The first settlement on the mouth of the river grew on the north bank of the wear (modern day Monkwearmouth), and when the first settlements appeared on the south bank (modern day Bishopwearmouth and Hendon) this was referred to as the 'Soender-land', and as the area grew the name grew with it.

Wearmouth-Jarrow Priory

In 674, King Ecgfrith of Northumbria granted a large tract of land to Benedict Biscop to set up the monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow. As a result, the north side of the river became \"Monkwearmouth\", and the south, still under the authority of the Bishop of Durham, was called \"Bishopwearmouth\", both of which names are used to this day, and so Wearmouth was cut asunder by the river, and politics.